There are many framing styles used for residential homes, but the names for man
y of the various structural components are essentially the same. Below are diagrams of two standard framing styles with the components labeled. Below the diagram, the structural components are listed with descriptions and comments. We will spend time in class discussing the primary types of stress to which these components are subjected. If you know of a house that is in the framing stage of construction, try to visit the site and see how many of the structural components you can identify. Of course, be sure to obtain permission from the owner,are left to the student to consider as a Special Projects topic.
y of the various structural components are essentially the same. Below are diagrams of two standard framing styles with the components labeled. Below the diagram, the structural components are listed with descriptions and comments. We will spend time in class discussing the primary types of stress to which these components are subjected. If you know of a house that is in the framing stage of construction, try to visit the site and see how many of the structural components you can identify. Of course, be sure to obtain permission from the owner,are left to the student to consider as a Special Projects topic.ROOF TYPE
A simply survey of houses in the Caribbean indicates a large variety of roof shapes. Indeed, you can construct a roof of 
nearly any shape. A few common designs are shown below. The gambrel is often used for storage buildings where vertically space is needed. It is also found in homes in which the area under the roof is used as a living space. The lean-to or shed design is the simplist to construct, but provides little or no natural ventilation space. It isa used primarily for storage buildings. The most popular design found in the Caribbean is the hip roof. Although similar to the gable, the hip roof can be more strongly anchored into the walls and offers a more aerodynamic profile to wind, an important consideration in hurricane proned areas.
nearly any shape. A few common designs are shown below. The gambrel is often used for storage buildings where vertically space is needed. It is also found in homes in which the area under the roof is used as a living space. The lean-to or shed design is the simplist to construct, but provides little or no natural ventilation space. It isa used primarily for storage buildings. The most popular design found in the Caribbean is the hip roof. Although similar to the gable, the hip roof can be more strongly anchored into the walls and offers a more aerodynamic profile to wind, an important consideration in hurricane proned areas.TRUSSING
Trusses are usually installed for additional structural support. Trusses are elements that connect the rafters to joists and/or other rafters. The diagram below shows a variety of truss designs for different roof sha
pes. You may occassionally find trusses in open ceiling designs, but usually it is used when there is an attic and the structure is hidden by a ceiling attached to the roof joists. An important characteristic that all the designs have in common, is the use of the triangle. As you may have learned as early as grade school, triangular structures are rigid because the shape of a triangle cannot change without changing the length of its sides. Consider the two frames shown below. For simplicity, assume the structural components (struts) are connected at each vertex with a single nail. When external forces are applied in any direction to the triangular structure, the forces generated at the vertices will be shear forces. Provided the members themselves are sufficiently strong, the nails would have to be sheared for the structure to fail. In contrast, the rectangular structure can change shape without changing the lengths of its sides. External forces can alter the shape of the structure by introducing only a net rotational torque about the nails; shearing of the nails is not required.
pes. You may occassionally find trusses in open ceiling designs, but usually it is used when there is an attic and the structure is hidden by a ceiling attached to the roof joists. An important characteristic that all the designs have in common, is the use of the triangle. As you may have learned as early as grade school, triangular structures are rigid because the shape of a triangle cannot change without changing the length of its sides. Consider the two frames shown below. For simplicity, assume the structural components (struts) are connected at each vertex with a single nail. When external forces are applied in any direction to the triangular structure, the forces generated at the vertices will be shear forces. Provided the members themselves are sufficiently strong, the nails would have to be sheared for the structure to fail. In contrast, the rectangular structure can change shape without changing the lengths of its sides. External forces can alter the shape of the structure by introducing only a net rotational torque about the nails; shearing of the nails is not required.references:http://www.arlingtontimberframes.com
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